The Solar Thermal Spoke covers a broad range of research themes for MEng and PhD students aimed at advancing solar thermal science and applications in South Africa. Systems engineering and optimisation focuses on solar fuels and hydrogen production, medium-scale CSP plant design, and policy-guiding studies to support South Africa's energy transition. Component and sensor prototyping advances thermal energy storage solutions, alongside new heliostat and parabolic trough designs. Thermal engineering and power generation investigates solar heat for industrial processes, air-cooled and hybrid condensers, and supercritical CO₂ power cycles. Autonomous monitoring and services enhances operational reliability through drone-based positioning and photogrammetry measurements for CSP plant maintenance. Artificial intelligence and digital twins applies machine learning and predictive modelling to optimize plant performance and enable predictive maintenance strategies. These initiatives support technological innovation, localization, and long-term sustainability of solar thermal power in South Africa while addressing industrial decarbonisation challenges.

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